Production of Biodiesel from Avocado Seed Oil Using Simultaneous Distillation Extraction Method
Keywords:
Free Fatty Acid, biodiesel, simultan distilation, Seed Oil Avocado, TransesterificationAbstract
Avocado is a plant that grows abundantly in tropical regions such as Indonesia. Its seeds contain fatty acids such as linoleic, palmitic, and oleic acids, making them a potential raw material for biodiesel production due to their relatively high oil content compared to other seeds. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel derived from fatty acids of plant or animal origin. Biodiesel production from avocado seed oil in this study was carried out using a simultaneous distillation extraction method with n-hexane as the solvent, resulting in an oil yield of 3.65%. The extracted oil was analyzed for free fatty acid (FFA) content and showed a value of 1.28%, allowing the oil to be directly processed through transesterification without a prior esterification step. The transesterification process was conducted using methanol with KOH as a base catalyst. The resulting biodiesel was then purified and its quality was evaluated. The results showed that the saponification value of avocado seed oil was 305.745 mgKOH/g and that of biodiesel was 30.8 mgKOH/g. The acid value of avocado seed oil was 2.8 mgKOH/g, while that of biodiesel was 1.8 mgKOH/g. The densities of avocado seed oil and biodiesel were 0.912 g/mL and 0.835 g/mL, respectively, and their viscosities were 6.128 cSt and 1.953 cSt, respectively. In the flame test, the first test without biodiesel produced a small flame, whereas the second and third tests using biodiesel samples produced a larger flame. Based on these results, biodiesel produced from avocado seed oil exhibited reduced physical and chemical properties compared to the initial oil; however, overall, it did not yet meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for biodiesel, indicating that further optimization of the biodiesel production process from avocado seed oil is required.
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