The Effect of Activation of CaO Catalyst from Duck Eggshell with KOH on the Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil
Keywords:
biodiesel, heterogen catalys, TransesterificationAbstract
The depletion of Indonesia's petroleum reserves from 8.61 billion barrels to 7.73 billion barrels during 2004-2011 has driven renewable alternative energy development through waste cooking oil utilization as biodiesel feedstock. This study examined the effect of calcium oxide catalyst activation from duck eggshells using potassium hydroxide on biodiesel quality. Catalyst was obtained through calcination at 900°C for three hours and activated with 20 grams KOH per 100 mL, then reacted with waste cooking oil at 60°C in simple reactor. Catalyst concentration variations included without KOH and 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% with KOH activation. Results showed 2% and 4% concentrations with KOH activation produced optimal biodiesel with acid number 0.44 mg KOH/g, density 877-888 kg/m³, and kinematic viscosity 5.34-5.55 mm²/s meeting SNI 7182:2015 requirements. The 8% concentration achieved the highest yield at 62.65%, but the product quality decreased due to saponification reactions. CaO catalyst activation with KOH increased transesterification efficiency compared to without activation.
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