Chempro

Characteristics of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) From the Addition of Tape Yeast and the Effect of Fermentation Time

2025-07-21T02:33:21+00:00

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is an oil product obtained from the fermentation process of coconut milk, which has the advantage of a more stable product shelf life. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of virgin coconut oil produced by adding yeast and varying fermentation times to identify optimal parameters for producing the best quality oil. In this study, the yeast used was tape yeast, with fermentation time variations of 24 hours and 36 hours. Tests carried out included analysis of yield, water content, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value, and aroma tests on the resulting oil. The results showed that the addition of tape yeast with a fermentation time of 24 hours produced the most optimal conditions. This was evidenced by a yield of 24%, a water content of 0.39%, an FFA content of 1.2%, and a peroxide value of 0.021 meq/kg, which had met the standards. In addition, the aroma of the oil obtained was fresh coconut and not rancid.

ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHOR, AND POTASSIUM (NPK) CONTENT IN LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER (LOF) FROM VEGETABLE WASTE IN CILEGON CITY

2025-07-21T02:41:47+00:00

Large cities in Indonesia produce tens of tons of waste daily, especially organic waste from households. This waste production is expected to increase with an increasing population. This also occurs in Cilegon City. With an increasing amount of organic waste, a processing process is required to increase the efficiency of products produced from vegetable waste. One alternative is to process organic waste into liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of bioactivators, for example EM4. This study aims to reduce organic vegetable waste by processing it into liquid organic fertilizer. Analysis of the quality of LOF includes pH and color as well as analysis of Nitrogen, Phosphor, and Potassium using the Kjehdal method, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. In making this LOF, the volume of EM4 and the length of the fermentation time will vary. The results of the study showed the effectiveness of the correct use of EM4, namely, 15 mL of EM4 with a fermentation period of 15 days, producing N, P, and K levels of 0.174%, 0.110%, and 0.314%, respectively.

PREPARATION OF ANTI-AGING SHEET MASK FROM A MIXTURE OF KENIKIR LEAF EXTRACT AND HIBISCUS LEAF EXTRACT

2025-07-21T03:04:49+00:00

Kenikir leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) contain compounds such as saponins, flavonoids, plyphenols and essential oil. The flavonoid content in kenikir leaves is an antioxidant that is very effective in fighting free radicals. The leaves of the hibiscus plant (Hibiscus rosa-sinensi Linn) are known to contain high amounts of biopolymers in the form of slimy polysaccharides, which can be used as a thickening agent. The sheet mask formulation used experimental methods with varying concentrations of hibiscus leaf extract of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and was tested homogeneity, stability, viscosity, pH, thickness, water content and antioxidant activity using DPPH method. The optimal results of the study were obtained at a concentration variation of 5%, showing that the sheet mask had an optimal viscosity that showed an increase in it’s value at each concetration variation, the pH obtained on the sheet mask had a value of 5, had good homogeneity, and color stability for 4 weeks. The antioxidant level is 51.505% and the IC50 value is 3.23 ppm which is classified as very active. The type used for making sheet masks in this study is the jelly type. Based on the results obtained, this natural ingredient-based sheet mask has the potential to be an innovative alternative in anti-aging skin care.

Optimization of Biogas Production from Cow Manure and Vegetable Waste of Kranggot Market Cilegon with Rice Husk as Anaerobic Digester Jacket

2025-07-21T04:41:35+00:00

The progressive depletion of non-renewable fossil fuels increases greenhouse gas emissions, a significant ecological effect. Renewable energy sources, such as biogas, are an alternative to address the problem. The biogas produced results from anaerobic digestion of organic waste such as vegetable waste and cow dung. The purpose of this research is to improve the processing of vegetable waste in Kranggot Market into biogas and find out how rice husk functions as an anaerobic digester jacket to produce the most effective biogas. The variations used are (Vegetable Waste: Cow Manure) with ratios V1 (100%: 0%), V2 (70%: 30%), V3 (50%: 50%), V4 (30%: 70%), with a mixed waste composition of 65% and 30% water from an anaerobic digester volume of 19 liters and the utilization of rice husks as an anaerobic digester jacket. Rice husk is proven to influence maintaining the optimum temperature in the process of making biogas, as evidenced by the data from temperature measurements of substrate variations at 31oC and 32 oC.

Literature Study Calculating Heat Balance And Thermal Eficiency in Rotayry Kiln at PT X

2025-08-21T06:00:25+00:00

Rotary kiln is a device for burning raw meal products into clinker in a cement factory. Thermal energy is very influential on the rotary kiln in the clinker manufacturing process. The purpose of this final literature study is to know the process in a rotary kiln, to calculate the heat balance in a rotary kiln, to calculate the thermal efficiency of a rotary kiln. The method used is the comparison of data from the literature study with field data from research results. There are several supporting data to support the calculation, namely the specifications of the rotary kiln, the workings of the rotary kiln, the heat balance formula, and the thermal efficiency formula. Supporting data is used to perform quantitative analysis, namely calculating the heat balance and thermal efficiency. The results of the heat balance calculation data are Qin on an average of 343.1479703 Kcal/kg clinker and an average heat loss of 97.38451173 Kcal/kg clinker. The results of the calculation of thermal efficiency obtained an average thermal efficiency of 71.55%. So it can be said that the rotary kiln is still operating well, because the thermal efficiency value is still between 65%-75%, which is 71.55%.