A Fiqh Mu‘amalah Perspective on the Implementation of Amanah, ‘Ariyah, Wadi‘ah, and Luqatah Contracts

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Amanah, ’Ariyah, Wadi’ah, and Luqathah contracts from the perspective of fiqh muamalah and to examine their conformity with Islamic legal principles. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research, drawing on sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh muamalah literature, and verified national academic journals. Data were collected through literature review and analyzed using a descriptive-analytical method. The findings indicate that the Amanah contract serves as a fundamental principle requiring honesty and responsibility in all muamalah transactions. The ’Ariyah contract, as a non-profit loan agreement, is considered valid under Islamic law provided that its pillars and conditions are fulfilled. The Wadi’ah contract, which involves safekeeping of property, has undergone development in contemporary practice, particularly within Islamic financial institutions, leading to a shift from its classical concept to more adaptive forms. Meanwhile, the concept of Luqathah functions as a legal mechanism to protect property rights through the regulation of lost-and-found items in accordance with Islamic law. This study concludes that these four contracts remain relevant in modern muamalah practices as long as their implementation adheres to the principles of justice, trustworthiness, and responsibility as prescribed in fiqh muamalah